2008年高考英语基础写作指导(I)

第一讲  记叙文：如何写人

一、写作指导

高考英语基础写作中的写人侧重人物的介绍，可以用第一人称(如写求职信)，也可以用第三人称，时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：

1．人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语基础写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。

2．对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点，等等。

3．正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。

4．注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。

二、常用词语

外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking， pretty，short，strong, tall， thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，1.80 metres tall, etc.  

性格特点：absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，think of others,  smart，talkative， warm-hearted，wise，etc.

出生年龄：a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12^th, 1987 , during his childhood, in one’s fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc. 

兴趣爱好：be angry with sb for sth, be angry about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in one’s work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do, look forward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put one’s heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc.

教育背景： be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test, get a master’s degree, get on well with one’s lessons, give sb. a passing grade, go abroad to further one’s study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctor’s degree, pass the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take an active part in class，when at college, etc.

经历事迹： become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to one’s business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up one’s life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up one’s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try one’s best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc. 

他人评价：an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most important persons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc. 

三、实例分析

【例1】 李华自我介绍

假设你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作，你需要用英文给人事部经理写一封信，介绍自己的基本情况，简介信包括下表所列内容：

写作要求：

1．  简介必须包括以上全部内容（信的开头和结尾已经写好）；

2．  使用5个句子。

    Dear Manager,

                                                                          .

   I am waiting for your reply.

   Thank you.

Yours Truly,

Li Hua

写作指导：

参考范文：

Dear Manager,

   I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981. I studied in Foshan No. 1 Middle School from 1994 - 2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years. I studied computer science, Chinese, maths, English, P.E, and now I am working for a computer company. I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition.

   I am waiting for your reply.

   Thank you.

Yours Truly,

Li Hua

【例 2】介绍姚明和刘翔

假设你是李华，正在美国参加学习，课堂上老师要求你简要介绍我国的名人，你选择了姚明和刘翔，两位体育明星，他们的基本情况如下：

写作要求：

1．  简介必须包括以上全部内容（开头已经为你写好）；

2．  使用5个句子。

3．  参考词汇：火箭队 Rocket，  110米栏110-metre hurdling，雅典奥运会——the Athens Olympic Games   

Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang.

_______________________________________________________________________

                                                           ____________

                                                   That’s all. Thank you!

写作指导：

参考例文：

Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. Yao Ming, born in Shanghai in 1980, is a world famous basketball player. He is now one of the best players in Team Rocket in NBA, and he has been in All-Star Team for several times. Liu Xiang, who was also born in Shanghai but three years younger than Yao Ming, is a world champion in the 110-metre hurdls. He won the first prize in the Athens Olympic Games and broke the world record soon after that. Both of them love music, but Yao Ming likes listening to pop music whilst Liu Xiang likes singing.

四、即时练习

1. 介绍同学

假设你是李华，学校网站英文版通讯员，最近学校网站准备宣传一些优秀学生，请你用英文为李敏同学写一篇简介，李敏同学的基本情况如下：

写作要求：

1．  简介必须包括以上全部内容；

2．  版面有限，只能使用5个句子。

写作指导：

       2. 介绍两位年轻人

假设你是李华，正在伦敦的一条街上购物，突然有两个年轻人匆匆走过，引起了你的注意，你就向不远处的一位警察反映，正好他在寻找两名小偷，他请你书面描述一下那两位年轻人的特征，你所看到的基本情况如下：

写作要求：

1. 书面描述必须包括以上全部内容；

2. 使用5个句子。

参考词汇：秃头 bald head ，卷头发 curly hair

写作指导：

参考范文

1. Li Ming, the monitor of Class 1 Grade 2, is healthy and lively. She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing. When she came to school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language, but with great efforts she made a lot of progress in her English language study. In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people.

2. One is about 1.90 metres tall, and the other is only about 1.65 metres, quite short. The taller has a big nose, a big mouth and a bald head, whilst the shorter one has a small nose, small eyes and curly hair. The taller is wearing a blue jacket, a pair of old shoes, and the shorter is wearing black trousers with sports shoes. Each of them took a plastic bag in their hands while going in a hurry and looked around sometimes. They ran away down his street and turned left at the red light.

2008年高考英语基础写作指导(II)

第二讲  记叙文：如何叙事？

一、写作指导

叙事类记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等六个要素交代清楚。好的记叙文具有描述事件具体、人物逼真形象、故事生动感人、材料表现中心和写作主旨明确等特征。高考英语基础写作中的叙事类短文也需要具有记叙文写作的一般特点，但要求相对比较低，其考查重点在语言运用正确、句子连贯通顺、信息点表述完整等方面。写作时要注意以下几个方面的问题：

1. 严格按照基础写作的要求完成各个信息点，不要为了文章的生动而随意添加信息。

2. 信息点的表述不要完全按照题目所给的顺序，要适当重组信息点。

3. 记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其它时态。

4. 叙事类记叙文的话题通常和中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。

二、常用语句

1. 表达时间

a long time ago, at six o’clock in the morning, at the end of, at the weekend, before he came here, by the end of last term, during the summer holidays, in a few years’ time, in the past, in the old days, in the past ten years, in August 2002, in winter vacation, in weekdays, last month, next week, on Sunday morning, on October 1st, since early in the 20^th century,  so far,  up to now, not…until, while , etc.

2. 表达地点  

at the crossing, at the end of the street, at the airport, at the village, at the foot of the mountain, at the bottom, at the top of, be located in, behind the park, be situated in, five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou, in the south of Guangdong Province, in the middle of the park, in Class 3 Grade 2, in the front of the bus, in front of the bus, in the tree, in Guangdong, in China, lies to the west of Sichuan, on the other side of the street, on both sides of the road, on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ,on the right, etc.

3. 表达因果

as, as a result, because, because of, for,  in the end, cause,  result in, consequently, originate from, since,  so, therefore,  It is clear that… , It turns out to be… , The primary reason is … , etc.

4. 事件话题

(1)学校生活及学习成绩 

be active in class, be interested in, be interesting to sb., be fond of, be good at , be poor at , be tired of one’s work, be weak in, do one’s homework, do sports after school, do well in; education for all-round development(