宾语从句歌诀]

宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。

展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。

主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。

陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。

非凡问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。

三关过后莫自得，人称、标点需注重。

留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。

[歌诀解码]

一、三姊妹

宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：

We knew （that）we should learn from each other.

2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 　　二、三关

1. 引导词关

假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；假如从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；假如从句是非凡疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 语序关

①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.

②一般疑问句和非凡疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：

Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3. 时态关

①假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：

I have heard（that）he will come back next week.

②假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： 　　He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.

注重：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

三、人称的变化和标点的使用

1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；假如是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人称，不用变化。如：

“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：

Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？

四、两副面孔

if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，碰到它们

就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：

If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）

五、从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？